More Generosity Toward The Immigration Policy - 1752 Words

Thai Nguyen Mr. Simeroth F - U.S. Gov’t 03/20/2016 More Generosity toward the Immigration Policy Over the centuries, many nations consider immigrants as a problem to both the economies and the government. In the United States, they passed a law that will help reduce the immigrants, but also still be able to support the economy. Though this solved the problem by small margins, the newly elected democrat want to change this completely. Donald Trump, the highest voted democrat, argues how he have plans for the nations, and one of those plans consists of illegal immigrants. He argued about how he want to build a wall to keep the illegal immigrants away. If this somehow work, the economy will tremendously decrease and the security of those who still lived in the nations whose greatly supports the nation will be banished. The policy will be very strict and Trump thinks that this will be the successor to end the illegal immigrants. Immigrant Policy needs to be more generous toward the immigrants because it can create a new future for the i mmigrants by improving the economy and maintain security over the nation. Trump argue that building a wall can help reject the illegal immigrants, even for those with unique skills, are unable to enter the nation. He put a lot of expectation toward that wall to keep the migrants away from the nations as possible. Though it seem like a brilliant idea, at first, this will not stop the migrants and how will he be proposed to build a wall alongShow MoreRelatedWhy Should You Vote For Donald Trump?1075 Words   |  5 Pagesarmor that we have been looking forward to for decades. Mr. Trump is refreshingly blunt, honest, and pro-American. He will make politics entertaining. He is using his own money and it means he doesn’t have to listen to what others. He is big on Immigration reform; he is for American people first. Donald Trump is authentic. Donald Trump’s slogan is ‘Make America Great Again!’ Think of it this way: Mr. Trump is using his own money which, means he can do what he wants without listening to what othersRead MoreThe Emigration Of Australia During World War II1034 Words   |  5 Pagesand in doing so significantly contributed to the country by not only offering their culture to the development of Australia’s multiculturalism but by also contributing to the academic and artistic life of Australia. The main reason for Hungarian immigration to Australia was the Hungarian Revolution that followed the disaster of World War II. In Australia the Hungarians quickly proved their dedication to making the most of their new life in Australia and in doing so, contributed to the development ofRead MoreThe Tamil Refugees at Victoria, British Columbia Essay1533 Words   |  7 Pagesotherwise, were concerned, many of whom took to the streets of Toronto in protest between January and May in 2009. However, despite the street protest throughout the summer of 2009 and Cana da’s reputation as one of the most generous nation in the world toward refugees, the Tamil boat migrants received a cold welcome as they arrived in Victoria (Bauder Bradimore, 2011). The Canadian media was particularly critical, expressing concerns over the migrants’ identity and the validity of their refugee claimsRead MoreAustralias Legal Obligation to Refugees and Asylum Seekers1836 Words   |  8 PagesAustralia has a legal obligation towards asylum seekers and refugees. Australia has a legal obligation towards Asylum Seekers and Refugees as it is a signatory to the UN Human Rights and Refugee Conventions. Furthermore, Australia has a moral obligation based on its membership of the world community. â€Å"Australia is one of the 146 signatory countries to the United Nations 1951 Convention and or/ 1967 Protocol relating to the status of refugees†. (Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, 2009) AccordingRead MoreWhy Eugenics Is A Violation Of A Human s Rights1749 Words   |  7 Pageswithin a community as well as on a global scale, and it solidifies the social hierarchy. First, eugenics promotes abortion in expecting mothers. In recent years, doctors have started giving non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPTs) to expecting mothers more frequently. NIPTs are conducted by taking a sample of cell-free DNA from a mother’s bloodstream to look for chromosomal defects in an unborn fetus (Darnovsky and Stern). Currently, NIPTs can only detect chromosomal defects, but they are predicted toRead MoreAnalysis Of John Irvings A Prayer For Owen Meany1424 Words   |  6 Pagesknow what she wanted to do to become successful and continue her father’s hopeful lineage, until she went to cosmetology school where she learned how to style hair while grooming her own future. But now growing up in the present era, I must complete more schooling if I want to attempt a career in medicine, along with the rest of the generation, to be able to accomplish some semblance of prosperity for my own future. It is evident that a transcendence between how generations achieve the long, soughtRead MoreImmigration : What Effect Does It Really Have On Society?3591 Words   |  15 Pages Immigration: What effect does it really have on society? Immigration is a common topic among people today as it is controversial in its entirety. Speculation of whether immigration is beneficial or detrimental to the United States is commonly debated based on little to no evidence. The border of the United States should be closed to the increasing number of immigrants attempting to gain entry into the country as they negatively affect the nation and the lives of other Americans because they areRead More Undocumented Children Should Attend College Essay2237 Words   |  9 Pagesthis country that have no desire or no aspiration to go to college† (â€Å"Rick Santorum: ‘A Lot’ of People in US Have No Desire for College†). In defense, college teaches many values that can shape an individual over the course of pursuing a degree, in more ways than just a cademically. The truth of the matter is, according to philosopher John Stuart Mill’s utilitarianism theory, every human being is and should be â€Å"capable of enjoying higher pleasures†¦[such as] arts and intellectual pursuits† (John R.Read MoreMr. Postag35v1 s Trade Deal Will Change All That2241 Words   |  9 Pages We have something special here, something we don t want to lose. We have a way of life, a way of looking at ourselves, a way of reacting to the world. Mr. Mulroney s trade deal will change all that. It will make us a little more then a junior partner of the United States. I believe in a strong, sovereign independent Canada. I believed that we are now talented enough and competent enough and tough enough to make our own choices, for our own future, in our own way. I need your support on NovemberRead MoreStudent1842 Words   |  8 Pagesethnic minorities, older workers and people with a disability. There is a tension between diversity as a factor that generates forms of exclusion and inferior material outcomes in the labour market, and diversity as a factor that can be harnessed towards improving organisational performance. While diversity is embedded in worker difference and notions of equality and justice, the broader equity goals linked to Managing Diversity are not necessarily th e terms by which Managing Diversity programs are

Relationship Between Personal Troubles And Public Issues...

The first chapter begins with a question; what is sociology? According to the book, sociology is the scientific study of human social relationships, groups, and societies. Basically, this science focuses of humans and their relationships, unlike the other sciences. It’s crazy to think that a science would even focus on how we interact. This is called social embeddedness, how different forms of human behavior shapes our social relationships. For example, politics, if one of your best friends says he/she is going to vote for Donald trump, but you know you can’t due to certain circumstances. You may end up agreeing with everything he/she is saying just for the sake of not getting into an argument. With that said the first main topic in the chapter is, sociological imagination. C. wright mills says that this word connects the relationship between personal troubles and public issues. But, we tend to believe that each one of has make our own path, which could be true, but we fail to see that not only do personal situations shape us, but also public issues. For a very, very long time, people have been asking questions about how social life became. Even Aristotle and Plato wrote about relationships. We can say that four historical developments that are connected to sociology are, scientific revolution, the enlightment, the industrial revolution and the urbanization. This led to some 19th century founders, Aguste Comte, Harriet Martineau, Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx and Max Weber. AllShow MoreRelatedMills on Private Troubles and Public Issues1124 Words   |  4 Pagesin terms of ‘private troubles’ and ‘public issues’ which continue to effect the lives of each and every one of us (Mills 1959: 8). While the connections between the two are evident, there are clearly a number of distinctions which determine the success or failure of either an individual or a society. Understanding that history and society’s issues come hand in h and also becomes an important part in further understanding the nature of these public issues and private troubles. Additionally, duringRead MoreSociological Imagination Coined By Sociologist C. Wright Mills1138 Words   |  5 Pagesnumerous personal troubles, no matter big ones or trivial ones. However, one may seldom relate their problems in a sociological level rather often try to ascribe the blame to their personal wrongs. In this essay I would introduce the topic of sociological imagination coined by sociologist C. Wright Mills, describing how personal matters have all sorts of interwoven relationships with social issues. It is also important to realize that there are distinctions between â€Å"personal troubles† and â€Å"public issues†Read MoreEssay on C. Wright Mills: Personal Problems and Public Issues792 Words   |  4 Pagessociological imagination works is between personal troubles and public issues. Here we can focus on how he is connecting the social, p ersonal, and historical dimensions of our lives and understand what is the difference between ‘personal troubles’ and ‘public issues’ and how it is related. At the beginning, we need to understand the meaning of ‘personal troubles’ and ‘public issues’, the difference between it and try not to get confused. The personal troubles of milieu, are the problems experiencedRead Moreweb dubois1041 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent cultures differ on social issues such as suicide? How does the psychological perspective view suicide? What is unique about the sociologist s perspective? On a social issue such as suicide, cultures differ because many people feel this is a personal problem whereas others feel that this can be a public issue. If a person commits suicide, it may have been as a result of his or her personal problems. In a larger society, this suicide is a public issue because the person who committed suicideRead MoreThe Concept Of Sociological Imagination : Connecting History987 Words   |  4 Pageseveryday society causes human relationships in history to adapt to change. History is altered by man, without human interaction and the exponential growth of historical events. Mills explains that â€Å"the sociological imagination enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaning for the inner life and the external career of a variety of individuals† (2), this means viewing social relationships and the events that follow those relationships in a larger perspective. Read MoreThe Promise Of Sociology, By Charles W right Mills1133 Words   |  5 PagesSociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions. It studies the structure, development, and functioning of a society as a whole. Comparative sociology is a social science that measures social change over time. Social change is the way societies and cultures are altered over time, which produces the mode of production. Mode of production is a system that determines the way societies survive and remain functioning. â€Å"The Promise of Sociology written by Charles Wright Mills explainsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Goodbye At Factory Towns By Maynard Seider1170 Words   |  5 Pageswas that visitors and artists would stimulate the economy and possibly attract related businesses. The documentary views how successful MASS MoCA truly was and shows that, although the museum did help boost the economy, the town still struggles with issues such as unemployment and poverty today. Towns that intend to get back on their feet again after an economic downfall can be found across the globe and such situations can most definitely, and should most definitely, be looked at in a sociologicalRead MoreJohn Wright Mills And The Sociological Imagination Essay1457 Words   |  6 Pagesever made in my life has been deciding to go to university, but I never really dwelled on the concept of â€Å"Why?† C. Wright Mills wrote of a concept called the â€Å"sociological imagination.† Sociological imagination is our way of understanding the relationship between ourselves and society by looking at society and our individual lives through different lenses (1959). For instance, take an upper class man who has anything his heart could ever desire, he sees the world through a brightly coloured lens, butRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination, C. Wright Mills1268 Words   |  6 Pagesdynamics impacting his life, and to see the links between private problems and social issues, which are the driving forces behind people. To simplify, sociological imagination is knowing that every individual’s life is given significant meaning and form within historically specific cultures and ways of organizing social life. It is freeing yourself from a certain contextand looking at things an alternative perspective. By showing a strong connection between the life of an individual and the social st ructureRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Their Behaviors1410 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloping behavioral issues. With the drastic change in the way people view family, and the enormous effect divorce can cause on children, when does divorce no longer constitute as a personal problem, but a public issue? A man named Mills C. Wright has created a concept called the sociological imagination. It covers personal troubles, and public issues. Mills states that a personal trouble is a problem that an individual is responsible for, the individual cannot blame the issue on any outside factor

Ford Pinto Free Essays

In 1968 Lee Iacocca and the Ford Motor Company wanted to produce a inexpensive vehicle to appeal to the first time buyers market. Mr. Iacocca philosophy was for consumers to remember Ford as the very first vehicle that they owned so that when it was time for them to invest in another vehicle it would be a Ford. We will write a custom essay sample on Ford Pinto or any similar topic only for you Order Now But, in order for Ford to develop a inexpensive vehicle to fit the philosophy of Lee Iacocca, they had to cut corners. Unfortunately, the one corner they cut was the placement of the fuel tank, causing catastrophic failure in rear end collisions resulting in loss of life, serious injury, or burned out vehicles. Daniel Boyce, author of The Ford Pinto Cade Information, cuts to the chase, â€Å"The Ford Pinto is known to be one of the most dangerous cars produced in automotive history due to several serious design flaws† (Boyce). This is a crucial statement that can affect the reputation of a company and have serious consequences financially. If it was my ultimate decision to either engage in a recall or to settle the cases in which injury occurred I would have to choose the decision to recall. Not only would that decision be the correct ethical decision in my mind, it would be a decision, one that would have been very costly, that would have saved the reputation of Ford Motor Company and would have paid off with future sales. There are two different stakeholders in this situation. The first and most important in my opinion would be the consumer, those buying the Ford Pinto. The second stakeholder would be the investors, stockholders, of Ford Motor Company. My decision to recall the Pinto, spending $11 per vehicle for a total of $121 million, would be to benefit the life of those that had purchased the vehicle. Those individuals that had put trust in the Ford Motor Company to develop a safe and reliable product have more value than that of a dollar figure. Though my decision to recall might not sit right with the investors of Ford Motor Company, in my opinion it is the moral and ethical decision that could pay off financially in the future. Pay the $121 million now, fix the 11 million Pinot’s that are out on the streets, establish a reputation of doing what is right for the safety and well being of your consumers, and the sales of your future vehicles would drastically improve. To have a reputation that Ford cares more about the bottom line than the consumers that purchase their products, that human life has no value, can be detrimental to the future sales of Ford products. With my decision to recall obviously the immediate inancial impact of Ford Motor Company would be significant, $121 million to be exact. In my opinion, this initial investment of fixing the Pinto will bring bigger profits to Ford Motor Company in the future. Andrew Bouman wrote an article regarding the Ford Pinto and addressed future car sales, â€Å"When people are purchasing vehicles now days they still think back to the ford pinto and think that hopefully this same issue isn’t going to happen with this car. This has affected the sal es of Ford vehicles† (Bouman, 2009)†. Other car manufactures have had safety issues and the company chose to fix the problem, putting human life in front of the bottom line. This philosophy has been successful for other automobile manufactures, a philosophy Ford should have followed. Bouman goes on to say, â€Å"If ford would have thought about their future they definitely would have spent the money to fix each one of the vehicles and then their sales would be doing a lot better today and they would not have lost as much money† (Bouman, 2009). The question Ford Motor Company had to deal with was; does the human life have a value? Their decision to place a $200,000 figure for each individual that was negatively affected by the Pinto tells me that Ford placed a dollar value on human life. Michael Zimmerman writes, â€Å"The intrinsic value of something is said to be the value that that thing has â€Å"in itself,† or â€Å"for its own sake,† or â€Å"as such,† or â€Å"in its own right† (Zimmerman, 2002). We are talking life; a value in itself, a value for its own sake, and a value in its own right. Ford was talking value of life that would affect them, Ford motor Company, not the life of the consumer. The instrumental value is the value of the object, and in this situation the object is the human life. Ford Motor Company valued the human life at $200,000; this dollar figure was a life value that benefitted Ford Motor Company, not those that purchased Ford Motor Company products. But does human value have a monetary price associated with it? In my opinion no; there is no dollar figure that can be substituted for life. But life does have a value, a purpose, a stake, but it is just not financially connected. I think that with human life the intrinsic and instrumental values are connected, not separated. The human life has value in itself, has value for the individual; but it also has a value as an object, it has a purpose and stake what happens within the future, it just doesn’t have a dollar figure attached to it. Stanley Riukas explains, in an article discussing intrinsic and instrumental value, inherent and instrumental values are inseparably connected, that they are strictly parallel as regards their quantity, quality and other characteristics, that they are reversible, and that their richness determines the richness of human life† (Riukas). The richness of human life places the instrumental value upon it. In conclusion, the decision I would have made in regards to the defective design of Ford Motor Company’s Pinto would have been drastically different than that of Lee Iacocc a. I would have placed the value of human life over the value of the company. In my opinion this decision would have financially benefited Ford Motor Company in the future. A reputation of doing what is best for the consumer rather than what is best for the company has a direct impact on the success of the company in the future, Making the initial investment of $121 million would have gone farther that having the reputation of putting life second and the thought of unreliable vehicles manufactured by Ford Motor Company in the minds of all consumers. References Andrew Bouman. (October 14, 2009). The Ford Pinto. In Ezine Articles. Retrieved July 7, 2013, from http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Ford-Pinto;id=3044629. Daniel Boyce. (n.d.). The Ford Pinto Case Information. In The Ford Pinto Case. Retrieved July 7, 2013, from http://fordpintoethics.webs.com/. Stanley Riukas. (n.d.). Inherent and Instrumental Values in Ethics. In The Paideia Project On-Line. Retrieved July 7, 2013, from http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Valu/ValuRiuk.htm. Zimmerman, Michael J. (October 22, 2002). Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Value. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2010 Edition). Retrieved July 7, 2013, from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/value-intrinsic-extrinsic/#WhaHasIntVal. How to cite Ford Pinto, Papers

Business Research Methods Research Proposal

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Methods Research Proposal. Answer: Research Philosophy Research methodology provides the specific guidelines for the research (Smith 2015). This particular research project will follow a specific research methodology to achieve the aim of the research easily. This part will describe how this research project will be carried on by following particular research philosophy, approach, design, data collection and analysis methods. Research philosophy is one of the most important methodological parts of a research (Flick 2015). There are mainly three philosophies are available for a particular research work and these philosophies are positivism, realism and interpretivism philosophy (Hartas 2015). Positivism philosophy is based on the natural relationship between the research variables. In this research philosophy, the results are obtained by interpreting the data by logical reasons and applying the practical knowledge (Katz 2015). The realism philosophy is based on the real belief, perceptions and the linguistic practices. This particular research philosophy is used to analyze a large number of data which are based on the subjects like, mathematics, ethics, science and modality (Clement et al. 2015). On the other side, interpretivism philosophy is based on the idealism and social constructivism. However, in this particular study, the positivism philosophy will be followed. This philosophy will be selected because this philosophy is based on logical background and so the data of the study can be analyzed logically (McNabb 2015). At the same time, the positivism research philosophy is much easy and less time consuming. A research can follow the philosophy when it follows the research approach properly. Research approach is another vital part of a research work. There are two research approaches available for conducting a research study (McCusker and Gunaydin 2015). This research approaches are inductive approach and deductive approach. Inductive research approaches is followed when the research is aimed to originate a new theory through analysis of the collected data (Bryman and Bell 2015). On the other side, deductive research approach is followed when the research wants to achieve the research goal by testing the existing theories. In this particular study, the deductive research approach will be followed because this study does not want to develop any new theory regarding marketing strategies or consumer behavior. It will just use the existing theories to analyze the data (Hussein 2015). At the same time, the deductive research approach helps to solve the research problem within very short time. As the available time for this research will be very limited, it will be more suitable if the deductive research approach is followed (Merriam and Tisdell 2015). Research design is another part that helps to conduct that research as per the philosophy. Research design indicates the overall strategy, which is followed by the research to ensure the final success of the study (Mackey and Gass 2015). A research work can follow any particular research design among all the available three research designs and that are descriptive design, explanatory design and exploratory design (Silverman 2016). The names of the designs explain the characteristics of them. In case of descriptive design, the research is done in more detailed manner and this research design uses the existing theories and literature to study the data. This research design is easier than the other two designs (Marais and Pienaar-Marais 2016). The explanatory research design helps to conduct the research by explaining the ideas and thoughts. On the other side, in case of exploratory research design, the new ideas are explored to solve the specific problems of the research (Dunlap et a l. 2016). However, this particular research will follow the descriptive research design because this study will try to analyze the relationship between the marketing strategies and the consumer buying behavior by using the existing theories and literature. At the same time, this research design allows to collect the data through very simple ways like, survey, interview and observations (Singh and Tewari 2015). Along with that, this particular research design allows to analyze the data by using statistical method. Data collection method Data is the most important part of a research project. A research can use primary and secondary data to achieve the goal of the research (Caillaud, Rose and Goepp 2016). The primary data is the new data, which is unavailable in any book, journal, article and in the internet sources. This data needs to be collected through field work or through observations. Generally, the primary data for a research work is collected by conducting survey, taking interview or only through observations and focus group study (Au et al. 2016). The collection of primary data requires much time and cost. Moreover, the primary data is more biased. On the other side, secondary data is the existing data, which is available in different books, websites, articles and journals. The secondary data can be collected easily because this data already exists and no extra time and knowledge need to be involved for developing a new data set (Sessler and Imrey 2015). This type of research data is less biased than before. Any type of theories and existing literature used in a study are the part of the secondary data of the study. However, in this study, both types of data will be used. The secondary data will be used because this will provide the basic knowledge over the research area. On the other side, the primary data will help to get the practical knowledge over the subject at current scenario (Archer et al. 2015). During this study, the primary data will be collected by surveying the customers in UK and interviewing the managers of different well-known companies like Tesco, Sainsbury, Marks and Spencer and Zara. The secondary data will be collected from different books, articles, journals and websites. As stated above, the primary data for this study will be collected by surveying the customers of different companies in UK and interviewing the managers of four big organizations in UK (Skinner 2015). However, before conducting the survey or taking the interview, it is essential to identify an appropriate sample for collecting the data. In this study, the sampling will be done with the help of simple random sampling method. In order to choose the sample for the survey, the sampling will be done as per the probability sampling technique because the number of customers is huge or it can be said that population size is huge (Dunlap et al. 2016). On the other side, the sample for the interview will be selected with the help of non-probability sampling technique. In order to do the survey, the survey questionnaire will be sent to 70 customers and it is expected that at least 50 customers will reply back. At the same time, for interview, the approach will be made to 7 managers and it is expected that atleast 4 will be agreed to take part in the interview process. Therefore, the expected sample size for the survey is 50 and for the interview, it is 4. Data analysis techniques Without data analysis a research work cannot be completed. Data analysis of a research project can be done mainly by two methods quantitative data analysis method and qualitative data analysis method (Mackey and Gass 2015). The quantitative data analysis is a mathematical way to analyze the data. It is based on scientific method. The analysis of the research data is very easy if this is done with the help of the quantitative data analysis technique. In case of the quantitative data analysis, the statistical results can be obtained, which are easy to interpret and understand. The quantitative analysis of research data can be done within very short time span and the cost of this particular type of data analysis is also very less (McCusker and Gunaydin 2015). On the other side, in case of qualitative data analysis, the research data is analyzed in detail. This particular type of data analysis is done on the basis of the existing literature and theories. This data analysis is not done mathematically but it is done logically and theoretically. However, this data analysis takes more time than the quantitative data analysis technique (Katz 2015). The detailed analysis of research data helps to get detailed knowledge about the research results and this ultimately helps to understand the results easily. However, this particular study will use both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques to analyze the research data. The data that will be collected through the survey method will be analyzed with the help of quantitative data analysis technique and the data that will be collected through the interview method, will be analyzed through the qualitative data analysis technique. Ethical issues A research work can face different types of ethical issues. Ethics is very important and must be maintained while conducting a research work. If the ethical part is ignored during the research, then the whole research can be useless (Skinner 2015). However, the ethical issues can take place in case of maintenance of the personal data of the research participants, taking proper permission from the appropriate authority and maintenance of reliability and validity of the research data. However, during this particular study, the ethical issues can be managed by taking proper steps before starting the research work. Reference list: Archer, M., Sharp, R., Stones, R. and Woodiwiss, T., 2015. Critical realism and research methodology.Alethia. Au, D.H., Lane, C.J., Buist, A.S., Vollmer, W.M. and Patino, C.M., 2016. Building Research Capacity In Middle And Low-Income Countries Through Research Methodology And Career Development Education.Health,1(2), p.3. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA Caillaud, E., Rose, B. and Goepp, V., 2016. Research methodology for systems engineering: some recommendations.IFAC-PapersOnLine,49(12), pp.1567-1572. Clement, S., Schauman, O., Graham, T., Maggioni, F., Evans-Lacko, S., Bezborodovs, N., Morgan, C., Rsch, N., Brown, J.S.L. and Thornicroft, G., 2015. What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies.Psychological medicine,45(01), pp.11-27 Dunlap, G., Barton, E.E., Ledford, J.R., Lane, J.D., Decker, J., Germansky, S.E., Hemmeter, M.L., Kaiser, A., Dennis, L.R., Hughes-Scholes, C.H. and Gatt, S.L., 2016. Contributions of Single Case Research Methodology to Early Childhood Special Education.Childhood,36(1). Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage Hartas, D. ed., 2015.Educational research and inquiry: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Bloomsbury Publishing Hussein, A., 2015. The use of triangulation in social sciences research: Can qualitative and quantitative methods be combined?.Journal of Comparative Social Work,4(1) Katz, J., 2015. A theory of qualitative methodology: The social system of analytic fieldwork.Mthod (e) s: African Review of Social Sciences Methodology,1(1-2), pp.131-146 Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Marais, H.C. and Pienaar-Marais, M., 2016, May. Analysis of Research Methodology in Business and Management Studies as Reflected in the ECRM 2015 Proceedings. InECRM2016-Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business Management": ECRM2016(p. 167). Academic Conferences and publishing limited. McCusker, K. and Gunaydin, S., 2015. Research using qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods and choice based on the research.Perfusion,30(7), pp.537-542 McNabb, D.E., 2015.Research methods for political science: Quantitative and qualitative methods. Routledge Merriam, S.B. and Tisdell, E.J., 2015.Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons Sessler, D.I. and Imrey, P.B., 2015. Clinical research methodology 2: Observational clinical research.Anesthesia Analgesia,121(4), pp.1043-1051. Silverman, D. ed., 2016.Qualitative research. Sage. Singh, A. and Tewari, P.C., 2015. A Research Methodology for the Effective Implementation of JIT Based Production System in Indian Automotive Industries. In2nd Mechanical Engineering Graduate Research Symposium (MEGRES), March(Vol. 21). Skinner, D., 2015. Qualitative methodology: an introduction. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015.Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage

Benefits of Children Learning in Two Languages

Terror Bird (Phorusrhacos) - Facts and Figures

Terror Bird (Phorusrhacos) - Facts and Figures Name: Terror Bird; also known as Phorusrhacos (Greek for rag bearer); pronounced FOE-roos-RAY-cuss Habitat: Plains of South America Historical Epoch: Middle Miocene (12 million years ago) Size and Weight: About eight feet tall and 300 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large head and beak; claws on wings    About the Terror Bird (Phorusrhacos) Phorusracos isnt known as the Terror Bird only because thats much easier to pronounce; this flightless prehistoric bird must have been utterly terrifying to the small mammals of middle Miocene South America, in light of its enormous size (up to eight feet tall and 300 pounds), clawed wings, and heavy, crushing beak. Extrapolating from the behavior of a similar (but much smaller) relative, Kelenken, some paleontologists believe the Terror Bird grabbed its quivering lunch with its talons, then grasped it between its powerful jaws and bashed it repeatedly on the ground to cave in its skull. (Its also possible that the giant beak of Phorusrhacos was a sexually selected characteristic, males with bigger beaks being more attractive to females during mating season.) Ever since the discovery of its type fossil in 1887, Phorusrhacos has gone by a bewildering number of now-outmoded or reassigned names, including Darwinornis, Titanornis, Stereornis, and Liornis. As for the name that stuck, that was bestowed by a fossil hunter who assumed (from the size of the bones) that he was dealing with a megafauna mammal, and not a birdhence the lack of the tell-tale ornis (Greek for bird) at the end of the Terror Birds genus name (Greek for rag bearer, for reasons that remain mysterious). By the way, Phorusrhacos was closely related to another terror bird of the Americas, Titanis, a comparably sized predator that went extinct at the cusp of the Pleistocene epochto the extent that a minority of experts classify Titanis as a Phorusrhacos species.

American Progress Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American Progress - Term Paper Example It was a rationalization that growth and western movement was to help in spreading of Christianity. The advocates of Manifest Destiny were guided by the themes of virtue, mission and destiny. The American progress painting shows a translucently and unsteady dressed America floating westwards through the air with the star of empire on her brow. Behind her are the cities of the East, the wide Mississippi and her route is westward. On the right of the picture is a city, schools, steam trains and churches over which beams of illumination are streaming and lighting the air representing progress. The theme of the painting depicts general confusion. She carries a school book of her national enlightenment testimonial on her right hand while her left hand is used to trail slender wires of the telegraph for binding the nation. Her advance causes the fleeing of Indians, wild horses, buffaloes and bears disappearing in the tempest and waves of the pacific coastline. They are fleeing the amazing vision of the star is too much for them. The assumption is that they are of the same class thus dehumanizing the natives into animals which make their dislocation more pleasant. Everything in the east is arranged in order unlike the territory towards the Rockies is engulfed in black clouds of lack of knowledge and uncivilisation. Next to the forefront are homesteaders moving on plains, breaking the lawn and their backs in bringing an unfriendly terrain under nurturing. The picture portrays the whole splendid immigration of the savage waste by the development. It also hints at the past, lays out an unbelievable version of a developing present and the vision of the prospect. The painting is divided into four main parts which are: heaven above, the earth below, right and left and are divided into positive, superior, negative, weak, powerful, conscious. Spiritual light, undeveloped and primal darkness. The painting of the American history portrays the east as a place that was void of an y evils as it is brought out as a civilized place symbolized with clearness as compared with the west which was symbolized with darkness. John Gast’s painting of the American history omitted the coin history. With the civilization of America was to be determined by economic growth as it was the back bone of the developments in the whole world. The manifest Destiny led to the standards of living improving but this meant low wages, long working hours and poor working conditions as growth in the economy affected all aspects of the American structure. Latest developments and opportunities were always associated with new societal tribulations. The painter avoided highlighting the evils in the history of America which define the Americans. Racial terrorism engineered by the Ku Klux Klan who engaged in intimidation, physical violence, lynching, genocide and other forms of evils. The painting is called the magnificent destiny but there is the omission of God in the picture. The paint ing shows a woman carrying an extension of the telegraph from the east heading to the west. Though this shows civilization, the pony riders lost their jobs as they were replaced by the telegraphs. The picture of a half naked woman is symbolical in the sense that the woman has to some degree covered herself. This action of covering herself might mean that

Address Academic Integrity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Address Academic Integrity - Assignment Example Based on their observations, Teuscher, Valrhona, Lindt, Godiva, and Hershey (2012) have proposed the notion of chocolate-induced euphoria, a state of well-being and enhanced mood that follows shortly after the ingestion of various cocoa-based products. These authors have even argued that society at large would benefit if more citizens experienced chocolate-induced euphoria on a regular basis. Though the student has used in- text citation, there are no direct quotes. The original quote should be in direct quotes and properly referenced indicating the author and the page from which the information was obtained. Student C (female)  While popular authors have touted the benefits of eating chocolate for decades, some scientists have recently embraced this sentiment. In fact, Teuscher, Valrhona, Lindt, Godiva, and Hershey (2012) introduced the notion of â€Å"chocolate-induced euphoria,† which they defined â€Å"as a state of well-being and enhanced mood that follows shortly after the ingestion of various cocoa-based products† (p. 313). Teuscher et al. further asserted that societal benefits would follow if more individuals generated this emotional experience more regularly (p. 313). Student C has appropriately used the original quote. Direct statements from the authors are in quotation marks. The statements are also properly referenced showing the page and the authors. However, placing the names of the authors outside the parenthesis is inappropriate. Student D (male)  Some have discussed the emotional effect of eating chocolate, including euphoria (Teuscher, Valrhona, Lindt, Godiva, & Hershey, 2012, p. 313), a sense of calm (Cadbury, 2009, p. 105), reduction in depressive symptoms (Nestle & Quick, 2010, p. 5), and less stress (Ritter Sport, 2011, p. 400). Student E (female)  Because of the high sugar content in milk chocolate and some dark chocolates, nutritionists are reluctant to recommend that people increase their intake of chocolate. Some have advocated the

Individual Project Unit 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Project Unit 4 - Essay Example This creates a situation where a silent partner begins exerting their pressure on the company leadership (in this case a friend or family member) which can jeopardize future relations or future lending opportunities. Oftentimes, as well, because friendship and family relationships are usually quite informal, the receiver of the start-up funds will neglect to put any formal agreement into contract form. When this occurs, if conflict arises about the progress of the business, disappointment and mutual anger can occur, which could often cause internal conflict which is apparent to the customers, diminishing profitability when sales decline. Having identified the risk of relationship funding, it is important to identify other sources of financing in order to prevent damaging long-term camaraderie with the acquaintance lender. As such, the business had identified one possible option as a term loan, which is provided by a banking institution. Term loans involve a specific amount of money, usually loaned at a term of five to 10 years, based on projections of future profitability (Longenecker et al). Though this is probably one of the most stable methods of borrowing money, there are potential risks to the receiver of the funds. For instance, a business that takes out a term loan must have a competent method of forecasting cash inflows and matching future periods of revenue to meet the loans repayment terms. A business which does not plan accordingly will experience a cash flow crisis, potentially harming the future operating potential of the business. Another type of financing option is asset-based lending, which involves receiving a line of credit (usually from a bank) which is based on asset value (GE Capital, 1999). For instance, assume that the company maintains regular payment in accounts receivable or maintains inventory which, when resold, can be liquidated for

The Development Of The Welfare State Sociology Essay

The Development Of The Welfare State Sociology Essay The aim of this essay is to look at the development of the welfare state following the 1942 report by Beveridge and how successful this has been in eradicating poverty. This essay will outline the context the report by Beveridge was written in, what the report was trying to solve and how far it went in solving the problem of poverty. It will also look at the three assumptions made by Beveridge and what these assumptions achieved alongside how far these worked to eliminate poverty and inequality. Finally it will briefly look at poverty in todays society to see how far things have changed. The first part of this essay will look at Beveridges report, the context it was written in and what it was trying to achieve. Beveridges report was published in the aftermath of the Second World War. It was well received by the public who as a result of the war had been brought together and were now looking to the future. Previous to the Beveridge report, in the 1920s -1930s pre-war Britain was riddl ed with unemployment and poverty. During this time there was a level of support but it was inconsistent, time restricted and confusing, causing many people to fall through the net and live in absolute poverty. When the report was published it gave people hope of change and a more optimistic future. The aim of the report was for Beveridge to look at the social insurance scheme, but the report ended up shaping the welfare system. Beveridge identified the high levels of poverty in Britain and came up with a plan to overcome it. The report found five giant evils in society which were want, ignorance, squalor, idleness and disease. The idea was to introduce a new plan for social security which would include social insurance, national assistance and voluntary assistance. This plan would work alongside three assumptions which were family allowance, National Health Service and full employment. Beveridge felt if both of these things worked alongside each other poverty would be irradiated. The second section of this essay will look at Beveridges plan for social security. A new plan was introduced by Beveridge for social security that he felt would go some way to tackle poverty. This plan consisted of Social insurance, National assistance and Voluntary insurance. Social insurance was paid by everybody that was working, it was a flat rate and if you had to stop working you received a flat rate back for that period. National assistance was created as a safety net for those who havent paid into the social security scheme. It was income assessed so would only be received by those who were really in need. Voluntary insurance was a voluntary contribution you could make which meant that as an individual you could receive a better lifestyle if you choose to pay into it. It may be argued that this allowed for inequality because in effect only those who earned enough could pay into this scheme, whereas those who worked but couldnt afford to wouldnt have the option. Beveridge felt that to tackle poverty the social security plan needed to be used alongside the three assumptions which were Family allowance, National Health Service and full employment. Family allowance was created at a time when there was a concern about birth rates falling. Many people couldnt afford to have and support children. This was introduced to stop child poverty and also with the knowledge that children were a major expense too many families so it would seem impossible to stop poverty whilst people still had children to support. It may be said that by having family allowance it encouraged people to have children to gain more money. The National Health Service was created to combat the giant evil of disease. Prior to the National Health Service poor people were terrified to become ill, because many couldnt afford to pay for any treatment. Ensuring that people had access to health care would also ensure that more people were treated and therefore fit to work. The National H ealth Service created a level of equality, everybody was entitled to the same care regardless of contribution. Full employment was introduced to combat the giant evil of idleness. The view was that if the state could help with employment, more people would be able to work so they would be less likely to be in poverty, meaning that less people needed money from the state. The third part of the essay will consider if poverty and inequality was irradiated. Following the implementation of the recommendations by Beveridge it seemed like there would be no more poverty. During the 1950s and 1960s research started to show poverty was still evident in society and in some areas was on the increase. These discoveries lead to a redefinition and rediscovery of poverty. Alcock, pg 7, 2003 highlights this when he states Townsend and Abel-smith conducted research which showed that, despite the welfare reforms to combat want, many people were still living in poverty in Britain in the 1950s and 1960s (Abel-Smith and Townsend, 1965; Townsend, 1979). When poverty was redefined it became evident that many people were still living below the poverty line, particularly single parent families, unemployed people and pensioners. During this time housing needs werent met meaning many people continued to fall through the system and couldnt support themselves. Inequality was stil l evident despite Beveridges recommendations. Beveridges report did not stop all inequality. There was a difference between the treatment of men and women. Women were expected to take on the caring role and be supported by their husbands. This may have left women financially dependent on their husbands. The final part of this essay will consider poverty in modern society. Poverty is still evident in todays society, which may indicate that Beveridges recommendations didnt go as far as expected long term to reduce poverty. Beveridges report lead to the implementation of family allowance in order to support children and stop the existing child poverty. It now appears that in modern society, with a similar benefit still in place, child poverty could be on the increase. This is reflected by Child poverty action group, 2010, page 19 which states The Institute for Fiscal Studies predicts that absolute poverty is already rising and relative poverty will soon rise as well. We can expect the wellbeing of children to fall. This indicates that child poverty is not irradiated. In conclusion it appears that although Beveridges report went some way to limiting poverty, it has never been erased. Some things may have changed for the better following Beveridges report; a better welfare state was introduced alongside a national health service to care for people who previously couldnt afford it. However, the poverty and inequality identified by Beveridge is still evident in todays society. People still suffer from inadequate housing or homelessness, lack of money, illness and unemployment similar to the five giant evils identified by Beveridge.

Hydrologic Cycle Essay example -- essays research papers

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE The hydrologic cycle is a constant movement of water above, on, and below the earth's surface. It is a cycle that replenishes ground water supplies. It begins as water vaporizes into the atmosphere from vegetation, soil, lakes, rivers, snowfields and oceans-a process called evapotranspiration. As the water vapor rises it condenses to form clouds that return water to the land through precipitation: rain, snow, or hail. Precipitation falls on the earth and either percolates into the soil or flows across the ground. Usually it does both. When precipitation percolates into the soil it is called infiltration when it flows across the ground it is called surface run off. The amount of precipitation that infiltrates, versus the amount that flows across the surface, varies depending on factors such as the amount of water already in the soil, soil composition, vegetation cover and degree of slope. Surface runoff eventually reaches a stream or other surface water body where it is again evaporated into the atmosphere. Infiltration, however, moves under the force of gravity through the soil. If soils are dry, water is absorbed by the soil until it is thoroughly wetted. Then excess infiltration begins to move slowly downward to the water table. Once it reaches the water table, it is called ground water. Ground water continues to move downward and laterally through the subsurface. Eventually it discharges through hillside springs or seeps into streams, lakes, and the ocean...

Most Lethal Sniper in American History Essay

Chris Kyle was a natural born killer from the first time he was handed a gun. Born in Odessa, Texas, he began hunting with his own rifles and shotguns at age eight. After he finished school, he became a professional bronco rider, but his career ended quickly after he injured his arm. After his arm healed he turned to the military for a job, but was turned down because of the pins in his arm. After a few months he received a call and was invited to the training for the Navy SEALS. He ended up becoming a sniper in SEAL Team 3 and served four tours of duty in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Over the four tours of duty, Kyle racked up 255 claimed kills and 160 confirmed kills. His longest successful shot was 2,100 yards or 1.2 miles, just outside Sadr City in 2008. Chivalric Codes were a huge part of a knight’s life, was developed to keep knights in check during a time where laws were difficult to come by. They generally consisted of honoring the church, protecting and serving the people, the lord of the land and the country, being honorable as a person, perseverance, honoring your enemy, protecting women and children, and to protect your fellow knights. Chris Kyle upheld the Code of Chivalry in many ways but in others he did not. These breaks in the code were not always his fault though, because of the radical change in war from the middle ages to now, and the decisions of whether to protect his countrymen or the values of chivalry. Kyle’s first kill was an example of a decision between elements of the code. A woman with a grenade was approaching a group of Marines. Kyle was reluctant to shoot a woman, which is generally against the Rules Of Engagement, and most soldiers’ moral standards. He hesitated before shooting her and saving his troops lives. He said afterward that he was angry at the woman for putting him in that situation. It was the only time he ever killed anyone other than a male enemy. Another way that he strayed from the Code of Chivalry, was that he claims that all of his actions were done out of necessity, not for glory. He constantly repeats that no true hero ever does anything for glory. He says throughout his book that all of his kills were necessary to protect his fellow soldiers. The last way that Chris Kyle broke the code of chivalry was that most of his kills were unfair fights. His training and weapons gave him a huge advantage over his Iraqi adversaries, who were equipped with low-tech equipment and had no training. He often shot enemies from far away in concealed hiding spots, and sometimes in the back. This was a huge infraction in medieval times, but with the advances in warfare and technology, in order to stay alive on the battlefield today you must kill your enemy as soon as possible or he could kill you in an instant. Kyle was not totally against the code of chivalry though, he was a devout Christian, as you would expect as his father was a Sunday school teacher. He justifies his killings by citing that the Commandment is against murder, and killing innocent people not against killing people trying to kill you and your countrymen. Kyle also shows exceptional patriotism and service to his country and the President, our equivalent to a knight’s king. He was awarded two silver stars and five bronze stars with valor, but denies that he ever did anything special to deserve them. He says any soldier would have done the same thing to protect the freedom of America and its people. All in all, Chris Kyle will always be remembered as a hero in the War on Terror, and a modern day testament to the values of chivalry. Although he was not able to uphold all of the values, he did the best he could in the situations he was put in. It is impossible for him to uphold a code as old as that in the changing conditions of war. Many parts are just not feasible to the modern day soldier. With what Kyle was able to accomplish and be able to uphold the standards that he did, Chris Kyle was definitely as chivalrous as he could possibly be. Works Cited Kyle, Chris. American Sniper. N.p.: HarperCollins, n.d. Print. Seidl, Jonathon M. â€Å"This Navy SEAL Sniper Is the ‘Deadliest in U.S. History’ — Can You Guess His Longest Shot?† The Blaze. N.p., 2 Jan. 2012. Web. 04 Oct. 2012. . Smith, Terry. â€Å"What Are the Rules of Engagement With Military Use of Force?† EHow. N.p., 16 Feb. 2012. Web. 4 Oct. 2012. .

DEVELOPING AN ISLAMIC PERSONALITY Essays - Tafsir, Joseph, Yusuf

DEVELOPING AN ISLAMIC PERSONALITY Essays - Tafsir, Joseph, Yusuf DEVELOPING AN ISLAMIC PERSONALITY Background I have been giving this assignment since 2010. Over 1,3 00 students have done this assignment so far. 75% of my students like this assignment, the rest don't. Most students tell me that as a consequence of doing this assignment, their relationship with Allah ) ) improves and they are better able to handle stress. Here is what I would like to stress: In your life, you will have to deal with a lot of stress. You will face many problems. By asking you to do this assignment, I want to show you a systematic process to improve their imaan . That boost of imaan will give you the extra spiritual strength to handle difficult situations in your life, inshaa Allah . Maybe you will not use this process after the semester is over, but in one or two years (or five years), when you face unexpected difficulty, you will remember this assignment and use the same process to find the spiritual strength to deal with these problems in a positive way. Developing imaan is a process Allah ) ) has promised in the Qur'an that if we call on Him, He will always respond. In the hadith, it is clear that if we try to get closer to Him by a little bit, He will get closer to us by a lot. There are two ways of looking at hidayah Hidayah is an event -it "falls" like miracle from the sky. No doubt, this happens sometimes because Allah ) ) does what He wants. Hidayah is a process -by learning a little bit more about Islam every week, we gradually come closer to Him. Since 2010, my experience has convinced me that Muslims can systematically get closer to Allah ) ) by surfing the Internet and watching YouTube.com What do you need to do? This is an individual assignment. Once a week, you watch one Islamic video of a reasonable length (i.e. more than 15 minutes) . YOU CAN CHOOSE THE TOPIC. However, here are the following guidelines Choose an English speaker who is known to be following the position of Ahl Sunnah wa Jamaah Write a one page report where you a) describe the content and b) discuss your opinion about the content. Write a report every week At lest half the talks must be tafseer of the Qur'an At the end of the semester, submit all the reports with a conclusion. In this conclusion, discuss whether or not you feel that doing this assignment strengthened your imaan or if there was no difference. My Advice Since 2010, I have had over 1,000 students do this assignment. I have tried various experiments. In some classes, I have asked them to only listen to "regular" talks. In other classes, I have asked them to only listen to " tafsee r". I have found no difference. What seems to make a difference is, Most students have one (or more) important question about Islam. Finding the answer to that burning question is often critical for them Most students know surprisingly little about surahs that they recite regularly-like surah al fatihah, surah al ikhlaas, surah al kafiroon The quality of the speakers are very important- people like Nouman Ali Khan, Suhaib Webb, Bilal Philips are always popular. Personally, I am rediscovering old names like Yasir Qadhi and Hamza Yusuf. Try to listen to different people about the same topic- every speaker talk about the same topic in a different way. Sometimes, getting a diversity of opinions over one topic gives you a better understanding of that topic How to read a book Sometimes, there are videos that just make you think. One of the videos on Youtube is "How to read your book" by Hamza Yusuf. This seems very important for all UIA student. A story Over the years, I have had many reactions from students. One student told me that before doing this assignment, he used to drink alcohol and he didn't pray. Now he had changed. I was happy for him but I was quite embarrassed that he told me about his previous sins. I didn't need to know. I had one student slip a note

Free Essays on Museum Essay

Museum Exhibit Comparison and Critique Culture, as defined by Webster’s Dictionary, is a form of civilization, beliefs, arts, and customs. While this definition may be broad enough to cover most cultures it would be an insufficient definition if it would be used to describe the Cajun community. As my various trips to the three museums have taught me the Cajun way of life is rich in heritage from all over, it is filled with intriguing tales, and most importantly it is still preserved proudly in Eunice. Preserved and displayed so well that I became so interested that I nearly forgot that I was visiting these museums as an assignment. The stories behind the exhibits were fascinating and the perfectly preserved exhibits were astonishing. It was nearly as if I was stepping back in time. It was truly an understanding and learning experience whenever I got a chance to bring my grandmother and grandfather along. It allowed me to see beyond the exhibits, and into a part of their past that I had never been so thorough ! ly exposed to. The first museum I visited was the Cajun Music Hall of Fame. This museum is small and not the least bit flashy. To the naked eye it is a low budget museum, consisting of one room and lots of Cajun music memorabilia. While to the optimistic one eye it is year’s worth of valuable Cajun culture, priceless memories, and a genuine â€Å"Saturday morning† Cajun atmosphere. The original instruments, the 8x10 pictures of the hall of fame members, and the enchanting tales only add to the charm of the museum. Upon my first visit there (one of three) I was greeted by the companionable and helpful Ms. Pitre, her kind voice and eager desire to spread to spread the Cajun heritage was very inviting to me. She relieved all the worries that I previously had about not finding the museum interesting. The first exhibit she showed me was her deceased husband’s, Austin Pitre. A famous Cajun musician who was inducte... Free Essays on Museum Essay Free Essays on Museum Essay Museum Exhibit Comparison and Critique Culture, as defined by Webster’s Dictionary, is a form of civilization, beliefs, arts, and customs. While this definition may be broad enough to cover most cultures it would be an insufficient definition if it would be used to describe the Cajun community. As my various trips to the three museums have taught me the Cajun way of life is rich in heritage from all over, it is filled with intriguing tales, and most importantly it is still preserved proudly in Eunice. Preserved and displayed so well that I became so interested that I nearly forgot that I was visiting these museums as an assignment. The stories behind the exhibits were fascinating and the perfectly preserved exhibits were astonishing. It was nearly as if I was stepping back in time. It was truly an understanding and learning experience whenever I got a chance to bring my grandmother and grandfather along. It allowed me to see beyond the exhibits, and into a part of their past that I had never been so thorough ! ly exposed to. The first museum I visited was the Cajun Music Hall of Fame. This museum is small and not the least bit flashy. To the naked eye it is a low budget museum, consisting of one room and lots of Cajun music memorabilia. While to the optimistic one eye it is year’s worth of valuable Cajun culture, priceless memories, and a genuine â€Å"Saturday morning† Cajun atmosphere. The original instruments, the 8x10 pictures of the hall of fame members, and the enchanting tales only add to the charm of the museum. Upon my first visit there (one of three) I was greeted by the companionable and helpful Ms. Pitre, her kind voice and eager desire to spread to spread the Cajun heritage was very inviting to me. She relieved all the worries that I previously had about not finding the museum interesting. The first exhibit she showed me was her deceased husband’s, Austin Pitre. A famous Cajun musician who was inducte...

Internal and External Accountabilities for Organizational Governance Research Paper

Internal and External Accountabilities for Organizational Governance - Research Paper Example Internal accountability in the not-for-profit organizations refers to the internal stakeholders such as employees, managers, directors etc, their quality of work and the coordination between them which leads to the welfare of the public or any other organization whom they are responsible to benefit. Profit is not their motto, their main aim is to provide services to others, therefore, the needs of others and their fulfilment by the staff and the financial resources of an organization are all a part of the internal accountability of a not-for-profit organization. Internal accountability in a for-profit organization similar to the internal accountability of a not-for-profit organization refers to the internal stakeholders such as employees, directors, managers, shareholders etc and the coordination between them. But, the difference between both of them is that, the internal accountability of a for-profit organization deals with the profits and loss made by the company, Such organizatio ns don’t work for the profit of others, instead they work for their own profit, therefore, they are basically concerned how well the internal stakeholders work in order to make more and more money for the organization. External accountability of a not-for-profit organization is concerned with all the external factors that affect a not-for-profit organization. Charities, donations, sponsors etc are some of the external stakeholders of not-for-profit organizations. External accountability of a for-profit organization includes external stakeholders such as customers, clients etc which affect or make up either profit or loss for a for-profit organization.

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The Kalahari Typing School FOr Men, General Book Report - Essay Example Makutsi, then set out to demonstrate why women are much better at detective work than men because they notice the little things, pay attention to what other people are saying with more than just their words and have a much more developed sense of normal human psychology. Mma. Ramotswe does this by helping one client find equitable means of making amends for mistakes of his past and another client find out whether her husband is being unfaithful. In both cases, it is because of the particularly feminine touch she brings to her profession that they are solved to such positive ends. There is a dual plot to the novel in the story of Mma. Makutsi, who starts the business mentioned in the title. Mma. Makutsi needs to earn more money to help support her family as well as to meet her own needs. With the opening of the other detective agency in town and Mma. Ramotswe’s recent adoption of two children, one of whom is confined to a wheelchair, Mma. Makutsi knows she cannot ask for additional money from her employer. Through a wonderful demonstration of brainstorming, Mma. Makutsi realizes that men need office skills as much as women if they are to be successful in business, but that men are often sensitive about being shown up by women, so they don’t take the classes they need. From this thought, she develops the concept of the Typing School for Men and uses further intelligent thought to make her concept become reality. Experiencing immediate success with her business, Mma. Makutsi is surprised to find romance in her classes as well. This is where the tw o stories overlap as Mma. Makutsi’s new boyfriend turns out to be the husband Mma. Ramotswe is seeking for one of her clients. Through both of these plotlines, which interweave at several points, the importance of using tact and a judicious sense of morality in finding solutions that are positive for all of the individuals involved. While Mr. Molefino stole something valuable from a family he

Interview old generation people (could be anyone) and discuss of Assignment

Interview old generation people (could be anyone) and discuss of cultural normality about how age based norms change over generation - Assignment Example This is the essence of cultural normality. This paper will present a discussion of how age-based norms change over generations. The paper will be based on the results of an interview conducted with an elderly person. The body of the paper will consist of two paragraphs, one talking about the life history of the interviewee and the other analysing the responses obtained from the interview. The subject of the interview is a 70-year-old retiree who, for 38 years, worked as a communications officer at General Electric. Although she currently resides in Chicago, she was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. Her father was an Anglican minister while her mother was a high school teacher. Her parents were disciplinarians who attached a lot of value to education, good upbringing, morals, and religion. Her parents were socially conscious individuals who were active in community engagement, sensitisation, and political movements. This instilled in her a well-rounded view of life and the world and prepared her for the rigors of the corporate world, especially in an age where very few women worked in the corporate world. She understands the challenges involved in raising children through generational changes and has witnessed the world evolve to become fast-paced and highly dynamic. She attended public schools and then joined New York University to study marketing and public rel ations. After graduating in 1967, she was recruited by General Electric to work in their expanding marketing division. The interviewee got married to her childhood sweetheart in 1969, and they have four children. She is a practicing Anglican, who has maintained her parents’ respect for and inclination to religion. She is also socially active in her community, where she is respected for her career, activities, and age. She runs her charitable organisation that provides support for the

Thinking and Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Thinking and Decision Making Essay The following are the three different styles of thinking that would be discussed in this paper a) Pragmatists, b) Synthesists and c) Realists. Pragmatists: People possessing this thinking style are practical thinkers. They do not believe in making long-term plans or setting long term goals. Rather they set small goals to be accomplished in a short phase of time. So their penchant for quick results means they divide the long-term goals in different parts and accomplish them one by one, which gives them a sense of achievement from time to time. They are very quick at acknowledging others’ ideas and possess a good sense of humor. They consider conflicts as a means of understanding other people’s viewpoint and make maximum use of it by brainstorming and experimenting its impact. Since they try to make use of every situation, good or bad they are very creative in nature. They easily adopt any strategy that suits the situation or has the potential for success or further growth. They are innovative and pay attention to minute details as they think that every minute step or detail play a significant part in the larger picture. They have the zeal and stamina of accomplishing their goals, come what may and also have the potential to make others believe that what they are doing is right. This style of thinking is what makes one a leader. They convince everyone about their vision by moulding the same idea in different ways so that it looks convincing enough to everyone. They plan the risks beforehand so there is little chance of them not being able to handle a crisis situation. Synthesists: The people belonging to this style of thinking love arguments and conflicts. They do not have the patience to wait for the conflict to get fully blown up. So they try to trigger up the trouble so that the problem gets solved as soon as possible rather than waiting for it to gradually come in full force. Even when there is not much conflict or commotion in a particular situation, they find one point or the other to be satirically amused or skeptical. In conflict situation they observe both the sides of the argument and come up with a new angle or idea. Hence this style of thinking helps in building good observation skills and fuelling creativity. Synthesists want to grasp all that is going in a person’s mind. They are smart enough to understand but still in order to let the person open up, they start a debate then quietly observe his feelings. They love to ruffle up hidden reactions. People possessing this style of thinking don’t set aside others’ ideas. Rather analyze different viewpoints to understand a situation well. Synthesists style of thinking makes a person good at speculation. They have the ability to brainstorm and come to different solutions or reactions of a situation, which can be termed a creative activity. So nothing surprises them much, because their minds are engaged in so much of speculation that nothing is unexpected for them. Realists: The people possessing this type of thinking style are ‘no-nonsense’ kind of people. They are frank, forceful and direct. Instead of relying on others’ point of view, they rely on themselves the most to discover things. They are always engaged in empirical discoveries and love concrete facts. In order to handle a crisis or conflict situation they ask straight questions. They always know where they are heading because they have a set objective, know what resources they have at hand and have the capability of analyzing how those resources could be used in the best possible way. They very well know their strong and weak points and do not hesitate to take outside help in areas where they are not capable enough. They break a problem into several logical parts and then solve them one by one. They calmly handle situations but can get aggressive if someone or something is very ambiguous or unrealistic. If the three styles of thinking are compared and contrasted then it is quite evident that the three of them overlap in certain areas while are poles apart in others. Both pragmatists and synthesist’s believe in quick solutions. Both these styles of thinking facilitate creativity. Goodbrand had described pragmatists in the following way: â€Å"they dont shy away from conflict but neither do they relish it like the synthesist.† (para.24) This aptly brings out the contrast between the two.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like realists, pragmatists have a definite goal and they too break the task into small targets and try to accomplish them systematically. Both the styles of thinking believe in acknowledging any outside idea that has been used in the process of thinking.   Both these styles of thinking oozes confidence and strong will power. While people of pragmatist style of thinking are good tacticians and find one or the other way to get a task done, the realistic styles of thinkers are very frank and straightforward. It is difficult for them to use any tactics rather; they propagate the ‘matter of fact’ aspect of getting a task done.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The following qualities are common in both realist and synthesist style of thinking: â€Å"Understanding that people see situations from their own perspective and that all perspectives have their own viewpoints and that as much can be learned from looking at a situation from another viewpoint as can be learned from looking at it through your own eyes.† (Goodbrand, para15) However, where synthesists believe in speculation, realists believe in matter of fact and empirical evidence. Also, in order to get other’s point of view or a hidden fact synthesists might ask ambiguous or dumb-smart questions. The realists abhor ambiguity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since critical thinking means dividing information into categories and sub categories, realist and pragmatist style of thinking affect critical thinking because both these styles of thinking focus on this format of problem solving or target achievement. Since one of the steps of critical thinking is synthesis, synthesist style of thinking naturally has an affect on it too.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the workplace scenario the process of decision-making involves the following three steps: a) intelligence, b) design and c) choice. According To Rue and Byars (1992, p.52) â€Å"The intelligence stage involves searching the environment for conditions requiring a decision. The design stage entails inventing, developing and analyzing possible courses of action. Choice, the final stage, refers to the actual selection of a course of action.† The different stages of critical thinking overlap with the decision making process. In workplace conflict the motive of both decision-making and critical thinking is to bring an end to the problem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The three styles of thinking discussed in this paper can be explained in the context of critical thinking and decision making by the help of the following workplace example: An organization’s, departmental head is under pressure by the conflict between his two colleagues. He wants to bring this conflict to an end because it affects the work of the whole department. Now we assume that he has the pragmatist style of thinking, he would use tactics to end the problem. He would try to speak to both the subordinates separately and try to mould them to come to a common viewpoint and settle their conflicts. He would find out who of the two is less rigid and try to convince him that if he behaves more rationally then the whole department would benefit. He will not try to jump in the problem but wait for the right time to confront both of them together. On the other hand if he has the synthesist style of thinking he would not wait for the problem to aggravate further. Rather he would try to coax them to speak up their mind and let them argue. He would consider this argument as an opportunity to observe both the sides of the story. Then he would critically analyze the whole situation and decide their further course of action. If the departmental head thinks from a realistic angle he would ask both the parties to have a meeting with him and would fire straight questions to them to get the entire reason of the conflict. Then on the basis of the concrete fact he would try to come to a decision in the best possible way and calmly sort out the problem between the subordinates by dealing with each aspect of their problem one at a time. References Rue, L.W., Byars, L.L. (6 Ed.). (1992). Management Skills And Application. USA: IRWIN. Goodbrand, A.D. (1997) The Art of Thinking. Retrieved Jun. 28, 2007 from http://sern.ucalgary.ca/courses   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   /seng/698/alang/minor.html Wikipedia. (2007) Critical thinking. Retrieved Jun. 28, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thinking

Effect of Semecarpus Anacardium on Plasma Nitrates

Effect of Semecarpus Anacardium on Plasma Nitrates OBSERVATION AND RESULT 7. Observation and Result 7.1 Behavioral Parameters Values are expressed MEAN ±SEM, n = 6, ** = P Fig. 7.1 Effect of Semecarpus Anacardium on Behavioral Parameters on Stress Induced Anxiety in Mice. 7.2 Biochemical Estimation Values are expressed MEAN ±SEM, n = 6, ** = P Fig. 7.2 Effect of Semecarpus Anacardium on different Biochemical Parameters in Stress Induced Anxiety in Mice. Fig. 7.3 Effect of Semecarpus Anacardium on glutathione reductase activity in Stress Induced Anxiety in Mice. 8. Discussion Behavioral parameters are the primary evidence to confirm anxiety as well as anti-anxiety effect of treatments. All the parameters are based on pathophysiology of anxiety because anxiety or fear is evaluated through stress or immobilization of animal like mice and rats. Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) After immobilization of animals for 3hr, the drug treatment was started for all groups except negative control. Time spent in open arm and closed arm were observed. Time spent in open arm were significantly increased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200 mg/kg 175 ±2.2046 sec. as compared with negative control (258 ±3.2018 sec.). In fear, animal is more favorable to dark area which was shows in negative control. Force Swim Test (FST) Time cycle in seconds was count in all groups. Time cycle per five minute were significantly increased (P>0.001) in Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200 mg/kg (20 ±4.2044) compared with negative control (25 ±2.5421). Light and Dark Test After immobilization of animals for 3 hr, the drug treatment was started for all groups except negative control. Time spent in light and dark area was observed. Time spent in light area were significantly increased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg (178 ±3.5041 sec.) as compared with negative control (58 ±2.1245 sec.). In fear, animal is more favorable to dark area which was shows in negative control. Open Field Test (OFT) OFT is the test to evaluate anti- anxiety effect as well as to compare the statistics with actophotometer because each squire in OFT is 10 Ãâ€"10 cm and each electrode’s difference in actophotometer is 6 cm so the reading should be double in OFT. Animal in control group were shows significant walk fullness in OFT (45 ±2.2405 sec.). After administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg, the animal was shows significant effect (P>0.001). Rearing is the parameter in OFT which shows alertness of animals. After administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg the animal was shows significant effect (P>0.001) in 38 ±4.0510 sec. compared with negative control (18 ±2.5402 sec.). The gaseous messenger molecule nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from its precursor L-arginine by a family of three NO Synthases (NOS), designated as â€Å"neuronal† NOS-I, â€Å"inducible† NOS-II and â€Å"endothelial† NOS-III. In the adult brain, the inducible iso form NOS-II is present only at very low levels in microglia and immune cells, while â€Å"endothelial† NOS-III is expressed predominantly in the vasculature. Whether or not this isoform is also expressed in neural cells, is still a matter of debate but data arguing for this are only sparse. The quantitatively major source for NO in the CNS thus is the â€Å"neuronal† isoform NOS-I present in approximately 1% of all neurons. Nitrinergic transmission is especially important in limbic structures, in the basal ganglia where NO regulates striatal output and in the cerebellum. NO exerts multiple action in the CNS and from animal studies, it has been suggested that it is involved in behavioral p rocesses such as learning and memory formation. Pathologies of the NO pathway have been implicated in almost every major neuropsychiatric disorder including Schizophrenia, affective disorders, Alcoholism, Alzheimer’s dementia, Parkinson and Huntington’s disease. For some of these disorders, NOS-I has also been identified as a risk gene in human case-control association studies. The role of NO in the regulation of normal human brain functioning however is still unclear, although first genetic studies argue for a function of NOS-I in the regulation of impulsive behaviors. In a second series of experiments, we investigated whether NOS-I knockdown animals have cognitive deficits. Plasma nitrates level was significantly decreased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200 mg/kg (52.23 ±2.1401sec.) as compared with negative control (74.24 ±2.2406). In fear or anxiety, animal were showed increased level of plasma nitrates which was shows in negative control. iNOS level was significantly increased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg (78.37 ±3.2131sec.) as compared with negative control (26.23 ±2.5470 sec.). In addition to its role in cholinergic transmission, substantial evidence has accumulated over the last two decades which suggests a non- cholinergic neuromodulatory function for AChE. Few studies have demonstrated that the expression of AChE during early development correlate closely with the major phase of neurite outgrowth. Layer et al. have showed that AChE inhibitors have been shown to retard neuritic outgrowth in a dose dependent manner in retinal ganglion cells, dorsal root ganglion and sympathetic ganglion neurons. There is a growing body of evidence supporting the morphogenic effects of AChE in both in vivo and in vitro systems. AChE is known to regulate the neuritic outgrowth and survival of cultured neurons and also has morphogenic and axogenic role in the developing nervous system. In addition, AChE has a role in cell growth and survival. These functions are considered to be the non-classical roles of this classical enzyme. Furthermore, ACh is also known to enhance the ne uritic outgrowth and in turning of the nerve growth cones. These studies, together with the present demonstration of increased dendritic arborization in the hippocampus, suggest that chronic drug administration induces AChE activity which in turn might modulate dendritic branching pattern in specific brain regions. Ach level was significantly decreased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg (53.26 ±2.0987 sec.) as compared with negative control (81.23 ±3.0245 sec.). The efficacy of this plant extract toward the transmitters was significant. MAO regulates metabolic degradation of catecholamine, serotonin and other endogenous amines in CNS. Inhibition of this enzyme causes reduction of metabolism of these transmitters and subsequent increase of these biogenic amines. MAO-A level was significantly decreased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg (56.6 ±3.3245 sec.) as compared with negative control (86.1 ±2.3024 sec.). MAO-B level was significantly decreased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200 mg/kg (44.8 ±3.2431 sec.) as compared with negative control (73.4 ±2.2061 sec.). Glutathione reductase level was significantly decreased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg (1478.5 ±3.2436 sec.) as compared with negative control (1634 ±2.2102 sec.). All values are expressed in U/I. Glutathione reductase level was decreased after administration of extract of Semecarpus anacardium at dose 200 mg/kg in mice. Glutathione reductase is the enzyme which increases in anxiety and depression. This enzyme secretes from hippocampus region of brain. The level of this enzyme was significantly reduced in mice compared with vehicle treated control group. On the bases of behavioral as well as biochemical estimation, study concludes that Semecarpus anacardium shows significant effect in plasma nitrates and other chemical messenger in anxiety at dose of 200mg/kg compared with negative control. 9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The present study is designed to evaluate â€Å"Effect of Semecarpus anacardium on plasma nitrates on stress induced anxiety in mice†. Behavioral parameters show following result: After administration of Semecarpus anacardium Time spent in open arm in Elevated Plus Maze, Time cycle per five minute in Force Swim Test, Time spent in light area in Light and Dark Test, No. of Squire Cross in Open Field Test was significantly increased after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200 mg/kg as compared with negative control. Biochemical Estimations show following result: Plasma nitrates level, Ach level, MAO-A level, MAO-B level, Glutathione reductase level was significantly decreased after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200 mg/kg as compared with negative control. iNOS level was significantly increased after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg as compared with negative control. On the bases of behavioral as well as biochemical estimation, study concludes that Semecarpus anacardium shows significant effect in plasma nitrates and other chemical messenger in anxiety at dose of 200mg/kg compared with negative control. 6. Materials Methods 6.1 Materials Collection Authentication The plant Semecarpus anacardium has been taken from local market authenticated from Department of Botany Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar M.P. Herbarium No. Bot./her/A/1124. Extraction procedure 6.3.1 Petroleum ether extract: The whole plant nuts was cleaned and shaded dried for 10-15 days. The dried nuts were pulverized by an electrical blender and nut paste obtained. About 30-40 g of the nut paste was subject for extraction with 400 ml of Petroleum ether solvent by Soxhlet apparatus for 24 hrs. Constant heats of 50 60 0C provided by Mantox heater of Soxhlet for recycling the solvent. The extract was concentrate using Rotary evaporator at 60 0C for 20 min at a speed of 5m/s. The concentrated extract kept in refrigerator at 4 0C for further use. (50) 6.3.2 Ethanol extract: The nuts were shed dried for about 20 days and then subsequent to reduce coarse drug particle into fine powder using pestle and mortar. The extraction was carrying out by ethanol solvent Soxhlet extraction techniques. Solvent used consecutively with gradient polarity. The extract evaporated to complete dryness by using vacuum distillation and kept in refrigerator for further use. (51) Phytochemical screening 6.4.1 Tests for Alkaloids Mayer’s Test: Extract treated with Mayer’s reagent (Potassium Mercuric Iodide). Formation of a yellow coloured precipitate indicated the presence of alkaloids. Wagner’s Test: Extract treated with Wagner’s reagent (Iodine in Potassium Iodide). Formation of brown/reddish precipitate indicated the presence of alkaloids. Dragendroff’s Test: Extract treated with Dragendroff’s reagent (solution of Potassium Bismuth Iodide). Formation of red precipitate indicated the presence of alkaloids. Hager’s Test: Extract treated with Hager’s reagent (saturated picric acid solution). Presence of alkaloids confirm by the formation of yellow coloured precipitate. Tannic acid test: Extract treated with 10% Tannic acid solution. Alkaloids gave buff colour precipitate. (52) 6.4.2 Detection of Phenols Bromine water test: Test solution treated with few milliliters of bromine water. Formation of yellow precipitate indicated presence of Phenols. Ferric chloride test: Test solution gave blue green colour with ferric chloride. (53) 6.4.3 Detection of Saponins Emulsion test: 1 ml of the extract filtrate added to few drops of olive oil. The mixture added to another two drops of olive. The mixture shakes and observed for the formation of emulsion. Frothing test: 1 ml of the extract filtrate diluted with 4 ml of distilled water. The mixture was shake vigorously and then observed on standing for a stable froth. 6.4.4 Detection Steroids and Triterepenoids Libermann- Buchard test: Extract treated with few drops of acetic anhydride, boil and cool, conc. Sulphuric acid added from the sides of the test tube. Formation of a brown ring at the junction of two layers and the upper layer turns green which shows the presence of Steroids and formation of deep red colour indicated the presence of Triterepenoids. Salkowski test: Treated extract in Chloroform with few drops of cone. Sulphuric acid, shaked well and allowed standing for some time, red colour appeared at the lower layer indicates the presence of Steroids and formation of yellow coloured lower layer indicated the presence of Triterepenoids. 6.4.5 Detection of Tannins Lead sub-acetate test: 1 ml of the filtrate added to 3 drops of the lead sub-acetate solution. A cream gelatinous precipitate indicated the presence of tannins. Ferric chloride test: 1 ml of the filtrate diluted with distilled water and added with 2 drops of ferric chloride. A transient greenish to black colour indicated the presence of tannins. 6.4.6 Detection of Flavonoids Shinoda test (Magnesium Hydrochloride reduction test): To the test Solution, added few fragments of Magnesium ribbon and added concentrate Hydrochloric acid drop wise, pink scarlet, crimson red or occasionally green to blue colour appeared after few minutes. Alkaline reagent test: To the test solution added few drops of sodium hydroxide solution; formation of an intense yellow colour, which turned to Colourless on addition of few drops of dil. acid, indicated presence of Flavonoids. Ammonium test: A quantity (4 ml) each of the filtrates was shaking with 1 ml of dilute ammonia solution (1%). The layers allowed to separating. A yellow coloration at the ammonia layer indicates the presence of Flavonoids. Aluminium chloride test: A quantity (4 ml) each of the filtrates was shake with 1 ml of 1% aluminium chloride solution and observed for light yellow coloration. A yellow precipitate indicated the presence of Flavonoids. 6.4.7 Detection of Anthraquinones 1. Dilute sulphuric acid (5 ml) added to 0.1 g of the test extract in a test tube and boil for 15 min in a water bath. It was then cool and neutralize with 20% potassium hydroxide solution. A mixture, 10 ml of equal parts of Fehling’s solution A and B will add and boil for 5 min. A more dense red precipitate indicated the presence of glycoside. 2. About 0.5 ml of extract taken and subject to the following tests.1 ml of glacial acetic acid containing traces of ferric chloride and 1ml of concentrate sulphuric acid added to the extract and observed for the formation of the reddish brown colouration at the junction of two layers and the upper layer turned bluish green showed presence of Glycosides. Pharmacological Screening 6.5.1 Animal: Mice required as Animal model Body weight: 25 gms. Floor area per animal: 15 in2. Cage height: 5 inch. Temperature: 64 ° to 79 °F (18 ° to 26 °C). Relative Humidity: 40% to 70%. Number of air changes per hour: 10 – 15. Light levels: 30 foot-candles. Duration of Light: 12 -14 hours. Duration of Darkness: 10 12 hours. 6.5.3 Biochemical Estimation 6.5.3.1 Plasma Nitrate estimation: Plasma nitrate were measured by spectrophotomeric assay based on Griess reaction. Blood were withdrawn from tail vein of mice and plasma were using cooling centrifuge at 2500 rpm for 10 min. Plasma were mixed with equal volumes of Griess reagent (1% Sulphanilamide+ 0.1% naphthylelediamine dihydrochloride+ 2.5 % phosphoric acid) and incubated at room temp for 10 min. to yield a chromophore. Absorbance was read at 543 nm spectophotometrically.(59) 6.5.3.2 i NOS estimation: Sample collection After the behavioral tests, three mice from each group was deeply anesthetized and perfuse with 4% paraformaldehyde for subsequent Nissl staining. The other animals were anesthetized and kill; blood was collected and brains were removed. Blood, anticoagulated with 1.5% EDTA centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 minutes, and then the supernatant was collected. All these samples stored at −80 °C for further analysis. RNA extraction and reverse transcription Total RNA extracted from the brain tissue using Trizol reagent. Total mRNA (1 ÃŽ ¼g) was transcribed using Quant script cDNA RT Kits according to the manufacturer’s manual. Briefly, RNA (1 ÃŽ ¼g) pretreated with DNA-free DNase treatment and removal reagents. RNA samples incubated with a mixture consisting of containing dNTPs, random primers, 10Ãâ€" RT mix, Quant Reverse Transcriptase, a reverse transcriptase and RNase-free water to a final volume of 10 ÃŽ ¼l at 37 °C for 1 h. Real-time RT-PCR cDNA l used for quantification of mRNA by real-time RT-PCR. Real-time RT-PCR will perform on an Applied Rotor-Gene 3000 under the following conditions: iNOS and GAPDH for 40 cycles at 94 °C for 30 s, 63 °C for 60 s, and 72 °C for 90 s. Relative quantitative measurements of target gene levels was performed using the ΔCt method, where Ct is the threshold concentration. GAPDH used as endogenous control to normalize gene expression data, and an RQ value calculated for each sample. RQ values was presented as fold change in gene expression relative to the control group, which normalized to 1. (60) The activity was expressed as m moles hydrolyzed per min per gram of tissue. AChE activity was statistically analyzed by Student’s Statistical analysis The statistical analysis carried out as per standard method. All result expressed as MEAN ±SEM. Groups of data were compared with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by dunnett’s t-test values for statistical significance. Sagar Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar M.P. Page 1

The Power of Stretching :: Sports Running Stretch Exercise Essays

The Power of Stretching "The money and the fame are irrelevant really. I'm just a hamstring away from oblivion; you've got to look at it like that." ---- Steve Jones Running is the oldest and most popular sports in the world. Most runners feel that running is fairly simple, when in reality it is very complex. Running is one of the only sports that gives the whole body a work out. Leg strength and cardiovascular endurance play huge roles in the success of a runner, but they are not the only things that measure ones running ability. Upper body strength and back support are also important in running. Since athlete's's bodies are made up entirely of muscle, they must exercise often in order to take care of themselves and prevent injuries. Muscles are like any other thing in the world, the more you use them the stronger they get. Running long distances is strenuous on the muscles and if they are over worked and under cared for they can be damaged. Running causes the muscles that are active to become strong and less flexible, whereas the opposing muscles that are relatively under used become weaker. When muscles are being used they expand and contract often. If the muscles were not used in a while they usually get sore from the work out. Since muscles are the most important part of being athletic, proper care should go into maintaining them. Stretching before and after runs is a perfect way to care for your muscles. WHAT IS STRETCHING? The three main reason why stretching is so beneficial to a runners body is: it reduces the risk of injury, prevents muscle soreness after exercise, and it improves athletic performance. What is actually happening to the body during a stretch is very complex. Each muscle contains stretch receptors which attach themselves to the working part of the muscle called, muscle fibers. The stretch receptors measure the degree of the stretch, sending a message through the spinal cord to the nerves that control the contraction of the muscle where the receptors are. As the runner stretches more intensely the receptors begin to send out pulses harder and more rapidly. These pulses exceed a certain frequency, and the stretched muscle contracts and shortens, preventing overstretching. STRETCHING INJURIES Unfortunately, stretching is not done willingly by runners. Even though it would only take an extra five to ten minutes on top of the one or two hour run, most runners choose to skip stretching.